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Illustrations of Timurids in the Zafarnama of Sultan Husayn or ‘Garrett Zafarnama’


Timur granting audience on the occasion of his accession

Troops of Timur attacking the city of Khiva/Urganj

Battle on the River Oxus

Destruction of the remnant of the Kipchak Army

Building of the Great Mosque in Samarkand

Assault on the Fortress of the Knights of St. John at Smyrna

The Zafarnama, or Book of Victory, is the biography of Timur, known to the English world as Tamerlane. By the time of his death in 1405, he had conquered most of the known eastern world of his day. The text of the Zafarnama was the work of Sharaf al-Din 'Ali
The Garrett manuscript of the Zafar-Name
Special Collections at Johns Hopkins University
Zafarnama, ca 1467. Garrett Library Manuscripts, 3 Painting by Bihzad
Images source: Zafarnama Book of Victory

Creation date: 1467-1468, creation date: illumination, ca. 1480s
Author: text by Sharaf al-Din ’Ali Yazdi (Islamic, died 1454)
Painter: illustrations by Bihzad (Persian, 1450-1536).
Held by: John Work Garrett Library John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.



The illustrated Zafarnama manuscript of Sultan Husayn, also known as the Garrett or Baltimore Zafarnama (Baltimore, Johns Hopkins University Library, no shelf mark), is one of the most celebrated and important among Timurid manuscripts. Produced in the fifteenth century, probably in Herat (present-day Afghanistan) for the famous Timurid ruler Sultan Husayn Mirza, the manuscript has survived in its entirety with minor retouching of the paintings, probably done in India.1 All twelve of its miniatures have been attributed to the great painter Bihzad by a later Mughal hand.
Source: The Zafarnama [Book of Conquest] of Sultan Husayn Mirza by MIKA NATIF

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