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Kitab Al-Furusiyya wa Al-Manasib Al-Harbiyya
By Hassan Al-Rammah
The Book of Horsemanship and Ingenious War Devices, c. 1280
(Date uncertain. Pages may have been added in the 15th century).
![Mamluk Midfa and rockets](http://warfare.6te.net/13/Mamluk_Midfa_and_rockets.jpg)
Source
![Mamluk Midfa](http://warfare.6te.net/13/Mamluk_Midfa.jpg)
Referenced on p. 38, David Nicolle and Sam Thompson, Medieval Siege Weapons (2): Byzantium, the Islamic World and India AD 476-1256 (Northants, UK: Osprey Publishing, 2003).
A Mamluk Engineer with Midfa in Armies and Enemies of the Crusades 1096-1291 by Ian Heath, based on this illustration.
Incendiary weapons in Kitab al-makhzun li arbab al-funun by al-tarâbulusî, a manual of military practice and horsemanship, 1578-1579
Other Egyptian sources:
Christians and Muslims fight outside an Islamic City from Histoire d'Outremer by William of Tyre. St Petersburg Manuscript of 1280AD.
Illustrations from Nihayat al-sul-1371 a Mameluke manual of horsemanship and military practice, 1371.
10th to 19th century Egypt and its territories
Other 13th Century Illustrations of Costume & Soldiers