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Detail on the inside of the Baptistère de Saint Louis
Photograph 29. Detail from the inlaid decoration of the “Baptistère de Saint Louis”, Mamlūk, Egypt, late 13th-early 14th century (Musée du Louvre, Paris, France).
Note the brimmed helmet or hat.
Source: p.233, "The Iconography of a Military Elite: Military Figures on an Early Thirteenth-Century Candlestick (Part II)" by David Nicolle, in Mamlūk Studies Review Vol. 19, 2016
An extract from Armies and Enemies of the Crusades 1096-1291 by Ian Heath:
Another typical Mamluk weapon related to the mace but only recorded in later sources is the Ghaddara, a steel staff kept in a case at the saddle and capable of cutting off a man's arm. One figure in the Baptistère de Saint Louis seems to be carrying such a weapon, where it appears to be about 30 inches long.
An extract from Armies of the Middle Ages, Volume 2 by Ian Heath:
Another type of sword called a ghaddara, mistakenly described by Mayer as a 'steel staff' was kept in a scabbard at the saddle. This was the Persian quaddara, a broad, long, straight-bladed sword which had parallel edges for most its length; it is probably this same weapon that Pero Tafur intended by his description of Ottoman cavalrymen carrying 'an iron staff' at the saddle.
