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The Crucifixion, by Andreas Pavias
Crete, second half of the 15th century
Picture source: europeana
Pavias Andreas (ca 1440 - between 1504-1512)
The Crucifixion, second half of the 15th century
Egg tempera on panel, 83.5 x 59 εκ.
Alexandros Soutzos Bequest, Αρ. έργου (=Number of the painting): Π.144
Andreas Pavias was one of the most important painters at Irakleion, Crete (under Venetian dominion), in the second half of the 15th century. His contemporaries appreciated his work and this is demonstrated by the fact that he is mentioned as a "magister", as teacher of art and of letters.
The "Crucifixion" of Christ and the two thieves, the good and the bad, was painted by Andreas Pavias in the latter half of the 15th century, using egg tempera on a wood panel, that is, adhering to the traditional Byzantine iconography process.
The scene is dramatically narrated in many episodes, against a flat golden background. Reminding us that we are dealing with an idealistic rather than a realistic painting, in Byzantine art the golden background denotes the sky; the figures are divine, transcendental, existing outside of time and place, in the infinite space-time. The figures seem lit from within themselves rather than by an external source of light. The scene is arranged in three levels, leading the eye upward, without perspective or depth. On the bottom left is depicted the resurrection of the dead, who can be seen rising from their graves; on the right hand side, the painter has portrayed the soldiers, playing dice for Christ's crimson robe. In the middle ground, there is the colourful crowd, witnessing the tragic event; the main scene shows the Madonna fainting, supported by the Holy Women and St John, while St Magdalene is throwing her arms around the Holy Cross in lament. A colourful crowd in exotic costumes and hats, horses and a wealth of details complete the scene. On the upper, third section, in which the crosses with the bodies of Christ and the two thieves are portrayed, angels are flying about, in deep lamentation, while others are collecting the Saviour's sacred blood in chalices. In the background on the left, an angular building structure evokes the Church of the Holy Sepulchre. There is a multitude of always meaningful detail, such as the stork above the Holy Cross, piercing its own breast in order to feed its young ones – a symbol of Christ's sacrifice in order to save Humanity from the original sin. Greek National Gallery
