Ms Or 20 f.19r Iskandar extends his realm into northern regions perpetually shrouded in fog, miniature from the 'Jami' al-Tawarikh' of Rashid al-Din, c.1307
Il-Khanid: Tabriz, 1314
Opaque watercolour, ink, gold and silver on paper
Edinburgh University Library, MS. Or. 20, folio 19r
Source: Edinburgh University Library, Scotland Digital Books

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No. 26     Eskandar (Alexander the Great) enters the Land of Darkness

Rashid al-Din, Jami’ al-Tawarikh (‘Compendium of Histories’)
Il-Khanid: Tabriz, 1314
Opaque watercolour, ink, gold and silver on paper
Edinburgh University Library, MS. Or. 20, fol. 19r

Eskandar, or Alexander the Great, went into the Land of Darkness to seek the Water of Life, but failed to find it. Here, he sends his horse forward into the swirling darkness. His followers look anxious and even two of the horses stare at each other, uncertain of what they are about to encounter. The flame-like protuberances on Eskandar's helmet probably allude to his identification with the qur'anic figure Dhu'l-Qarnayn ('Lord, or Possessor, of Two Horns').

This is one of the earliest Shahnameh illustrations that are precisely datable. Together with Nos. 23, 24 and 25, it belonged not to a Shahnameh manuscript, but to a copy of the Jami’ al-Tawarikh (‘Compendium of Histories’) that draws on the Shahnameh as one of its sources.

Text Source: The Fitzwilliam Museum.